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Quran Reading Biography

Source (google.com.pk)
The NEP-27 Qur’an manuscript was purchased by the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in 1927. Since then, its beautiful colophon page has been reproduced in many handbooks on Islamic art. The copy states that it was copied and gilded in Hamadhan, Iran by the scribe (al- kātib) Mahmūd ibn al-Husayn al- Kirmānī in H559/ 1164 CE. Manuscripts that have survived from northwestern Iran of the mid-12th century are very rare, and this one is an important example of Seljuk period book production with the illumination practices continuing from models established in late Abbasid workshops. It is also an interesting case of book ‘restoration’ that must be closely examined as it points to a complex history of usage. Between the time of its copying and its donation as waqf by Amīr Ahmad Jāwīsh (d. 1786) to the al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo, the manuscript underwent many changes and vicissitudes. An examination thus far reveals that there were several interventions to the integrity of the original. Firstly, there is an interlinear commentary in red that was later than the copying of the text itself. The greenish-gold framing of the text is yet another stage in the life of the manuscript. At some moment, many of the headings and sub-headings received further enhancement, or outright reconfiguration. Even a cursory survey shows that many folios bear major repairs, patches and replacements. Yet, even greater is the observation that the manuscript, as we now find it, has been collapsed into one volume from two or perhaps more. This challenge means that a careful study of every folio must be undertaken to ascertain the integrity of the text and commentary.

The decorations of NEP 27 existed to guide readers through their experience of the Qur’an. In addition to structuring the act of reading, however, they also contain their own visual grammar, which this paper will explore using a combination of traditional methodologies and computer vision algorithms like Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). Comparing the decoration of NEP 27 with that of other qur’ans dated to the twelfth century reveals the extent to which the form of the written word varied at the time of its production. The changes in style and quality of the decorations within NEP 27 also reveal important information about its production.My presentation is concerned with the minor illuminations, primarily verse markers, in the NE-P 27 Qur’an manuscript. Of these markers, particular attention has been focused on internal consistency–or lack there of–and its implications for the order of the manuscript’s production as well evidence pertaining to the number of individuals involved in the illumination of the manuscript. The methods underpinning this study are primarily based on an assignment of types for each category of marker. From this, all illuminations were recorded with particular attention having been devoted to the frequency at which they occur, their position within the text, and any discernable consistency therein. This study has been supplemented further through a comparison to other Qur’an manuscripts and an attempt to situate the NE-P 27 manuscript within the context of the development of Qur’an illumination in known manuscripts both preceding and following the manufacture of NE-P 27.

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